Shea butter ( , , or ) is a fat extracted from African shea tree nuts ( Vitellaria paradoxa ). Usually yellow when raw, with pure, purified, and ultra-fine Shea Shea that becomes ivory or white in color. Shea butter is a triglyceride (fat) derived mainly from stearic acid and oleic acid. It is widely used in cosmetics as a moisturizer, ointment or lotion. Shea butter can be eaten and used in food preparation in some African countries. Sometimes, the chocolate industry uses shea butter mixed with other oils instead of cocoa butter, although it tastes very different.
The English word "shea" comes from s'ÃÆ' , the tree name in Bambara Mali. This is known by many local names, for example, Kpakahili in Dagbani, taama in waala language in Upper West Ghana Province, E or you? Anya in Hausa, karità © © in Wolof from Senegal, ori in some parts of West Africa, and many others.
Video Shea butter
Histori
Common names are shÃÆ'yiri or shÃÆ'su (lit. "shea tree") in Bambara language in Mali. This is the origin of the English word, whose main pronunciation is (rhymes with "tea"), although the pronunciation of (rhymes with "day") is common and is second listed in the main dictionary. The tree is called ghariti in the Wolof language of Senegal, which is the origin of the French name of the tree and butter, karitÃÆ'Â © .
The shea tree grows naturally in the wild in the Western Africa's dry savannah belt from Senegal to the west to Sudan to the east, and to the foothills of the Ethiopian highlands. It occurs in 21 countries around the African continent, namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya and Guinea.
A testa found on Saouga's medieval village site is evidence of shea butter production in the 14th century.
Maps Shea butter
Composition and properties
Shea butter extract is a complex fat which in addition to many non-absorbed components (substances that can not be completely converted to soap with alkali treatment) contains the following fatty acids: oleic acid (40-60%), stearic acid (20-50% ), linoleic acid (3-11%), palmitic acid (2-9%), linolenic acid (& lt; 1%) and arachidic acid (& lt; 1%).
Shea butter melts at body temperature. Proponents of its use for skin care maintain that it absorbs rapidly into the skin, acts as a "refatting" agent, and has good water binding properties.
Usage
Shea butter is mainly used in the cosmetics industry for products related to skin and hair (lip gloss, skin moisturizing cream and emulsion, and hair conditioner for dry and brittle hair). It is also used by soap makers, usually in small quantities (5-7% of the oil in the recipe), because it has many unsaponifiable, and higher amounts produce soap that has fewer cleaning abilities. Some artisan soap makers use 25% shea butter - with the EU regulating maximum usage of about 28%, but rarely occurs in commercially produced soaps because they are expensive compared to oils such as palm or pomace (olive). oil). This is an excellent emollient for dry skin. There is no evidence to suggest it is a drug, but it relieves the pain associated with feeling congested and itchy.
In some African countries such as Benin, shea butter is used for cooking oil, as waterproofing wax, for hairdo, for candle making, and as an ingredient in ointment. It is used by traditional African percussion instrument makers to increase the durability of wood (such as carved djembe shells), dry pumpkin gourd, and leather strap.
Shea butter can be an organic broth.
In the UK and other countries, it is incorporated into a wide range of network products, such as toilet paper.
Medication
Shea butter is sometimes used as a base for ointment. Some isolated chemical constituents are reported to have anti-inflammatory, emollient, and humectant properties. Shea butter has been used as a sunblocking lotion and some of its components "have limited capacity to absorb ultraviolet radiation".
In Ghana, shea butter is locally known as Kpakahili (Raw Crude Cream) in Dagbani, nkuto (Akan) or nku (Ga ), whether used as a food product or applied as a lotion to protect the skin during Harmattan dry season. The shea nut tree itself is called tÃÆ'¡ÃÆ'¡? ÃÆ' (pl. TÃÆ'¡ÃÆ'¡nsÃÆ'¬) and its fruit is called tÃÆ'¡ÃÆ'¡ÃÆ'¡nÃÆ'¬ (pl. Tá¡¡¡¡¡¡). Tamale, the northern capital of today, takes its name from the combination of "tama" and "yili", which means "shea city city".
In Nigeria, shea butter is used for the management of sinusitis and removes nasal congestion. Massage into joints and other parts of the body where pain occurs.
Classification
The United States Agency for International Development and other companies have suggested a classification system for shea butters that split them into five classes:
- A (raw or unrefined, extracted using water)
- B (fine)
- C (very fine and extracted with solvents such as hexane)
- D (lowest uncontaminated level)
- E (with contaminants).
Commercial values ​​are A, B, and C. The color of raw butter (grade A) ranges from cream (such as butter shake) to grayish yolks. It has a spicy flavor that is discarded in another class. Grade C is pure white. While vitamin levels can be affected by distillation, up to 95% of vitamin content can be removed from the shea grade (ie, grade C) shea butter while reducing the level of contamination to undetectable levels.
See also
- Shea bean production and butter in Burkina Faso
- Shea Yeleen, a social company that trains women's shea butter cooperatives.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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