District cooling is cooling equivalent to district heating. Working on principles similar to district heating, district cooling sends cold water to buildings such as offices and factories that require cooling. In winter, the source for cooling is often sea water, so this is a cheaper resource than using electricity to run a compressor for cooling. Alternatively, District Refrigeration can be provided by the Heat Sharing Network that allows any building on the circuit to use heat pumps to reject heat to the ambient ambient temperature circuit.
Video District cooling
Apps
Finnish
The Helsinki district cooling system uses the wasted heat of the CHP power plant in summer time to run the absorption refrigerator for cooling during the summer, greatly reducing electricity usage. In winter, cooling is achieved more directly using seawater. District cooling adoption is estimated to reduce electricity consumption for cooling purposes by 90 percent and exponential growth in estimated use. This idea is now being adopted in other Finnish cities.
Swedish
The use of district cooling also grew rapidly in Sweden in the same way.
United States
The Cornell Lake Resources Refrigeration System uses Cayuga Lake as a heat sink to operate central cold water systems for its campus and also provides refrigeration to the Ithaca Municipal School District. This system has been in operation since the summer of 2000 and was built at a cost of $ 55-60 million. It cools the load 14,500 tons (50 MW).
Switzerland
Working since 1985, the system ÃÆ' â € ° Cole Polytechnique FÃÆ'Â © dÃÆ' Â © rale de Lausanne combines, depending on the needs, cooling and heat extraction. This enables higher overall energy efficiency of the 19 MW system.
In 2009, the district cooling system was installed in the Geneva region of the United Nations, taking water from Lake Geneva. The system is in the process of expanding to other areas in Geneva.
Canada
In August 2004, Enwave Energy Corporation, a Toronto-based energy company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, began operating water-based systems from Lake Ontario to cool downtown buildings, including office towers, the Toronto Metro Center Convention, a brewery small and central telecommunications. This process is known as Deep Lake Water Cooling (DLWC). This will provide more than 40,000 tonnes (140 MW) of cooling - a system significantly larger than those that have been installed elsewhere. Another feature of the Enwave system is that it is integrated with Toronto's water supply. Toronto's water supply needs a new intake location that will be farther from the beach and deeper in the lake. This raises two issues for utilities that manage urban drinking water supplies: 1. the cost of capital to move the water and additional sites, the new site will supply very cold water so that it will require heating before it can be distributed. The cooperation of the district cooling agency, Enwave, solved both problems: Enwave paid the cost of moving water supplies and also supplied heat to warm the drinking water supply to an acceptable level by effectively extracting heat from the buildings it served. Contact between drinking water and the Enwave cooling system is restricted to thermal contact in heat exchangers. Drinking water does not circulate through the Enwave cooling system.
United Arab Emirates
Tabreed currently provides more than 1 million tons of cooling cooling, in 72 factories located across the region, cool iconic infrastructure projects such as Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, Cleveland Clinic, Ferrari World, Yas Mall, Aldar HQ, Etihad Towers, Marina Mall, World Trade Center in Abu Dhabi featuring Burj Mohammed Bin Rashid, Dubai Metro, Dubai Parks & amp; Resort and Construction Jabal Omar in the Holy City of Mecca, along with several other hotels, hospitals, residential and commercial towers.
In January 2006, PAL technology was one of the emerging project management companies in the UAE involved in the diversified business of desalination, sewage treatment and district cooling systems. More than 400,000 tonnes (1400 MW) of district cooling projects are planned. The Palm Jumeirah uses district cooling provided by Palm Utilities LLC to provide air conditioning for buildings in Palm trunks and crescent. The Dubai Metro system, unveiled in 2009, is the world's first mass transportation network that uses district cooling to lower temperatures at stations and trains.
Dutch
In 2006, the district cooling system came online at Zuidas Amsterdam, taking water from Nieuwe Meer
India
Gandhinagar in India also plans to use the district cooling system for Gujarat International Finance Tec-City in Gujarat.
Qatar
On November 9, 2010, the world's largest district cooling plant opened in The Pearl-Qatar. The factory is owned and operated by Qatar District Cooling Company (known as Qatar Cool). It is capable of cooling the 130,000 tonne (450 MW) charge. Factory Built by C.A.T. groups, general Lebanese-International contractors with extensive experience in Cooling District.
The Lusail City district cooling system will supply cold water to end users through an integrated network of 500,000 refrigerated refrigerated refrigerators by utilizing several chiller factories which are Marina, Wadi, West and North. This will be one of the largest district cooling systems in the world.
Kuwait
A project begins in 2012 in Kuwait for the University of Sabah Al-Salem City with district cooling. It is capable of cooling 72000 TR loads and has two centralized utility centers with 36 chillers, 36 cooling towers and 2 TES (Thermal Energy Storage) tanks. The entire university has a total of 8 million square meters. In utility tunnel total 18 km Pre-Insulated BS pipe (including 11 km 52 ") with Supporting Steel Structure (1150 Ton), Complete Fireproof System - Galvanized BS 28 km pipe, Water Supply and Drainage System - 9 km Polyethylene Pipes, System Complete CCTV, Fiber Optics BMS 104 km cable, Lighting & Power Systems, Central Battery System, 175,000 m2 epoxy coating, 61 Reinforced Nos Fire Remote control Steel Doors, total project duration is 1810 days.
German
In Germany, among other projects, Munich established a rapidly growing system in 2011 with its core under Karlsplatz (Stachus), taking water from the underground Stadtgrabenbach. There is a 24km network, currently supplying 16 larger organizations.
Maps District cooling
Cold Storage
If other renewable alternatives are too warm during the summer or too expensive, cold storage can be investigated. In large scale applications, underground storage and snow are the most likely alternatives. In underground storage, the cold of winter is the exchange of heat from the air and is loaded into the bedrock or aquifer by one or more drill holes. In frozen snow storage water (snow and/or ice) is stored in several types of storage (piles, holes, caves etc.). Cold is used by pumping the melting water into a cooling object, directly in the district cooling system or indirectly by a heat exchanger. Melting water melts then pumped back into the snow where it is cooled and mixed with new melting water. Snow cooling serves as a single cold source but can also be used for peak cooling as there are no relevant cooling limits. In Sweden there is one snow cooling plant in Sundsvall, built and owned by the county. The cooling load at Sundsvall is about 2000 kW (570 tons of refrigeration) and 1500 MWh/year.
Dehumidifying
Especially in subtropical regions not only cooling, but dehumidifying air becomes important. The fluid desiccant coolant makes it possible to produce moisture absorbent liquids remotely and efficiently. These liquids can be pumped or transported remotely without energy loss.
See also
- Cooling deep water sources
- District heating
- Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES)
- Southampton District Energy Scheme, combined district heating and cooling system
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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