A windtower (Persian: ?????? ? bÃÆ' Â ¢ dgir : bÃÆ' Â ¢ d "wind" gir "catcher") is a traditional Persian architectural element to create natural ventilation in buildings. Windcatcher comes in a variety of designs: uni-directional, bi-directional, and multi-directional. The device was used in ancient Egyptian architecture. Windcatchers remain present in Iran and can also be found in Persian-influenced traditional architecture throughout the Middle East, including in Arab countries in the Persian Gulf (mostly Bahrain and United Arab Emirates), Pakistan and Afghanistan.
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Central Iran shows a large diurnal temperature variation with a dry climate. Most of the buildings are built of thick ceramics with high insulation value. Cities centered in desert oases tend to be solidified very closely together with high walls and ceilings, maximizing shade at ground level. Direct sunlight heat minimized with small windows facing away from the sun.
The effectiveness of the loom has led to its regular use as a cooling tool in Persian architecture. Many traditional water reservoirs ( ab anbars ) are built with windcatchers capable of storing water at almost freezing temperatures during the summer months. The strongest evaporative cooling effect in the driest climates, such as in the Iranian highlands, leads to the ubiquitous use of windcatchers in more arid regions such as Yazd, Kerman, Kashan, Sirjan, Nain, and Bam.
A small windcatcher is called shish-khan in traditional Persian architecture. Shish-kans can still be seen above anjars ab in Qazvin and other northern cities in Iran. It seems to function more as a ventilator than the temperature regulator seen in Iran's central desert.
Maps Windcatcher
Windcatcher in Egypt
Windcatcher is used in ancient Egyptian traditional architecture. A painting depicting such a device has been found in the house of Pharaoh Neb-Ammun, Egypt, dating from the 19th Dynasty, c. 1300 BC (British Museum). In Egypt, windcatcher is known as malqaf pl. malaaqef .
Structure and architecture
Windcatchers tend to have one, four, or eight openings. In the city of Yazd, all windcatchers have four or eight sides. The construction of a windcatcher depends on the direction of the airflow at a particular location: if the wind tends to blow only from one side, it is built with only one opening against the wind. This is the most common style seen in Meybod, 50 kilometers from Yazd: a short windcatcher and has a single opening.
Function
Windcatcher can function in three ways: directing airflow downward using direct wind input, directing upward airflow using wind-assisted temperature gradient, or directing upward airflow using solar-assisted temperature gradient.
Airflow down due to direct colds
One of the most common uses of windcatchers is to cool the inside of the house; often used in combination with yard and dome as overall ventilation and heat management strategies. It is basically a tall and closed tower with one face open at the top. This open side faces prevailing winds, thus "catching" the wind, and bringing the tower into the heart of the building to maintain airflow, thus cooling the interior of the building. It does not always cool the air itself, but rather depends on the airflow rate to provide a cooling effect. Windcatchers have been employed in this way for thousands of years.
Upward airflow due to temperature gradient
Wind-assisted wind gradient
Windcatcher is also used in combination with qanat, or underground channels. In this method, the open side of the tower faces away from the prevailing wind direction (the orientation of the tower can be adjusted to the direction of the port at the top). By simply letting this tower open, the air is pulled upward using Coand? effect.
The pressure difference on one side of the building causes air to be attracted to the other side. The hot air is brought down to the qanat tunnel and cooled by touching the cold earth and cold water flowing through the qanat. The cooled air is arranged by windcatcher, again by Coand? effect. Overall, cold air flows through buildings, lowering the overall temperature of the structure. The effect is magnified by water vapor from qanat.
The temperature curve generated by the sun
In a windless environment or a house without water, the function of the wind catcher functions as a solar chimney. This creates a pressure gradient that allows hot air, which is less dense, to travel up and out of the top. This is also exacerbated significantly by the diurnal cycle, trapping the cold air below. Temperatures in such environments can not drop below low temperatures every night.
When combined with thick adobe that shows good resistance to heat transmission, windcatchers can cool lower level rooms in mosques and homes (eg shabestans) in the middle of the day to cool temperatures.
Driving upward airflow using wind-assisted or solar-assisted temperature gradients has gained some ground in Western architecture, and there are several commercial products that use the name of windcatcher .
Modern apps
The windcatcher approach has recently been used in Western architecture, such as at a visitor center in Zion National Park, Utah, where it functions without the addition of mechanical devices to regulate the temperature.
Using aluminum for windcatchers provides a more efficient retrieval system, enabling wind-taking from multiple directions. Kortington Oval cricket field in Barbados and Saint-ÃÆ' â € ° tienne MÃÆ'Â © tropole's ZÃÆ' Â © nith both use this method.
Gallery
See also
- Qanat
- Solar chimney
- Tower of the solar updraft
- Yakhchal
Note
References
External links
- G.R Dehghan Room (January 2016): http://www.badgir-persian-gulf-en.com
- Bahadori, Mehdi N. (February 1978). "Passive Cooling System in Iranian Architecture". Scientific American . 238 (2): 144-154. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0278-144 . Obtained 2007-07-17 . Ã,
- Bahadori, Mehdi N. (August 1994). "The continuity of the wind tower in achieving summer comfort in the hot dry areas of the middle east". Renewable Energy . 5 (5-8): 879-892. doi: 10.1016/0960-1481 (94) 90108-2.
- Richter, Jim (2003). "Liberty Ship Photo".
- Montazeri, H.; Azizian, R. (December 2008). "Experimental study on the natural ventilation performance of one-sided wind catchers". Building and Environment . 43 (12): 2193-2202. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.01.005.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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