Instinctive drift also known as drift instinct is the tendency of an animal, of any species, to return to the unconscious and automatic behavior that disrupts the operand conditioning and the learned responses that accompany it. B. F Skinner is an American psychologist who coined the term operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning, who learned by being rewarded or punisher for the act. Through the behavioral associations and consequences that follow it describes whether an animal will learn to practice behavior, or if the behavior will be extinct. The instinctive drift concept comes from two former students from B.F Skinner, Keller and Marian Breland when they teach racoons to deposit money into a bank slot (actually dipping money into it). In nature racoons dip their food into water several times and reverse it with their claws, so it can be said that this is an instinctual instinct instance and not the result of behavior learned through operant conditioning. Instinctive behavior is innate, it is not learned. usually automatic and unplanned, natural reactions. Thus, it is clear that natural behavior can disrupt learning. This topic is relevant and discussed when it comes to nature and maintains controversy. A lot of experimental research has been done on this topic that proves its reliability. Natural behavior is easier to learn and is often easier to express, even subliminally.
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Origin of Instinctive Drift
The term instinctive drift was invented by Keller and Marian Breland, a former student of B.F. Skinner at the University of Minnesota (Marian in 1938, Keller in 1940). B.F. Skinner coined the term operant conditioning. The Breland's follow Skinners' control principles and decide to live by this principle through the creation of "Animal Behavior Efforts." They begin commercial animal training instead of completing their degree.They start their business on the farm, but when several contracts are being made. the company, Breland's performances eventually spread nationally, namely Keller and Marian Breland who discovered the meaning and created an instinctive term that floated through their research.They worked with racoons and conducted experiments involving teaching racoons to deposit money into a successful bank slot, Brelands had concluded that this is an instinct that racoons already possess.In nature, racoons dip their food in water several times and turn it over with their claws. In other words, They conclude that behavior learned through operant conditioning is drifting toward instinctive behavior.
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Nature vs. Nature. nurture
The nature of vs. maintaining controversy is a major topic that is discussed in psychology and is concerned with animal training as well. Both sides of nature vs. maintaining the debate have valid points and this controversy is one of the most disputed in psychology. The general question posed today by many experts in various fields is if the behavior is caused by life experience or whether it tends to be in DNA. Today, some credit is given to both parties and in many cases the nature and care are given equal weight. With animal training, it is often questioned whether training and formation are the causes of behavior shown by animals (parenting), or if the behavior is actually of (natural) species. Instinctive instinctual centers around the nature of behavior rather than learning as the only cause of behavior. Species obviously able to learn behavior, this is not rejected in instinctive aberrations. Drift instinctively says that animals often return to innate (natural) behaviors that can interfere with conditioned responses (parenting).
Example in Nature
Instinct drift is found to occur through experiments performed on various species in nature. Experiments have been conducted as did Keller and Marian Breland. As mentioned earlier, they work with racoons and teach them how to deposit money into a bank machine. They concluded that this action was completely instinctive because the raccoons dipped their food into the water and maneuvered with their feet. Similar experiments were performed on pigs. In this experiment, a pig is trained to insert wood coins into a piggy bank. Pigs from time to time start throwing wooden coins up and down with their muzzles and play with them. This is the normal behavior seen by pigs in nature and is referred to as rooting. It is concluded that digging by dogs is an instinctive behavior that is done when trying to be warm or keep calm, to bury the valuables, and to amuse oneself. The following are examples of instinctive drift by various species and all actions by this species can be explained by innate and instinctive behavior.
Evolution and Instinctive Drift
Drift instincts can be discussed in relation to evolution. Evolution is generally classified as a change that occurs over a period of time. Drift instinctively says that animals will behave in accordance with evolutionary contingencies, as opposed to the operative contingencies of their particular training. There is an evolutionary root of instinct. Evolution of nature and behavior occurs over time and by means of evolution and natural selection of adaptive nature and behavior passed on to the next generation and maladaptive properties are weaned out. It is the adaptive nature of the species over time that is exhibited in an instinctive drift and that the species returns to that interferes with the operant conditioning. Much knowledge about the topic of evolution and natural selection can be credited to Charles Darwin. Darwin developed and proposed the theory of evolution and through this knowledge another subject could be better understood, such as instinctive instinct.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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