Hypervolemia

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Hypervolemia , or excess fluid , is a medical condition in which there is too much fluid in the blood. The opposite condition is hypovolemia, which is too little volume of fluid in the blood. Excess fluid volume in the intravascular compartment occurs due to the increase in total body sodium content and consequently an increase in extracellular body water. This mechanism usually derives from a compromised regulatory mechanism for sodium handling as seen in congestive heart failure (CHF), renal failure, and liver failure. This may also be caused by excessive sodium intake from food, intravenous (IV) solution and blood transfusion, drugs, or contrast diagnostic dyes. Treatment usually involves administering diuretics and limiting the intake of water, fluids, sodium, and salt.

Video Hypervolemia

Signs and symptoms

Excess fluids, especially salt and water, accumulate at various locations in the body and lead to weight gain, swelling in the legs and arms (peripheral edema), and/or fluid in the abdomen (ascites). Finally, fluid entering the air space in the lungs (pulmonary edema) reduces the amount of oxygen that can enter the blood, and causes shortness of breath (dyspnea) or enter the pleural space by transudation (the pleural effusion that also causes dyspnea), which is the best indicator of estimate central venous pressure increases. It can also cause swelling of the face. Fluids can also accumulate in the lungs when lying down at night, possibly making night breathing and difficult sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea).

Complications

Congestive heart failure is the most common result of excess fluid. Also, it may be associated with hyponatremia (hypervolemic hyponatremia).

Maps Hypervolemia

Cause

Excessive sodium and fluid intake :

• IV therapy containing sodium
• As a transfusion reaction to a rapid blood transfusion.
• High sodium intake

Sodium dan retensi air :

• Gagal jantung
• Sirosis hati
• Nephrotic Syndrome
• Corticosteroid Therapy
• Hyperaldosteronism
• Asupan protein rendah

Liquid changes into intravascular space :

• Fluid remobilization after burn treatment
• Administration of hypertonic fluids, e.g. mannitol or hypertonic saline solution
• Administration of plasma proteins, such as albumin

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Treatment

Treatments include diuretics, such as furosemide.

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See also

• Volume status
• Excess volume
• Liquid balance
• Edema
• Anasarca (skin swelling)
• Pleural effusion (excess fluid in the pleural cavity)
• Diuretics
• Aquapheresis
• Low pressure receptor zone

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References

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External links

Source of the article : Wikipedia