Airborne disease is any disease caused by an airborne pathogen. These diseases include many very important both in the treatment of humans and animals. The relevant pathogens may be viruses, bacteria, or fungi, and they can spread by breathing, talking, coughing, sneezing, increasing dust, spraying liquids, watering toilets or activities that produce aerosol particles or droplets. Human air diseases do not include conditions caused by air pollution such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gases and particles in the air, although their research and prevention can help inform the science of airborne disease transmission.
Video Airborne disease
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Air diseases include those caused through the transmission over the air. Many ailments in the air have great medical importance. Transmitted pathogens may be any microbial type, and they may spread in aerosols, dust or liquids. Aerosols may be produced from sources of infection such as the secretion of the animal body or infected person, or biological waste as it accumulates in lofts, caves, trash and the like. Such an infected aerosol can remain suspended in airflow long enough to travel a considerable distance, although the rate of infection decreases sharply with the distance between the source and the infected organism.
Pathogens or allergens in the air often cause inflammation in the nose, throat, sinuses and lungs. This is caused by the inhalation of these pathogens that affect the respiratory system of a person or even other body parts. Sinus congestion, cough and sore throat are examples of inflammation of the way upper respiratory air due to these air agents. Air pollution plays an important role in air diseases associated with asthma. Pollutants are said to affect lung function by increasing airway inflammation.
Many common infections can spread through airborne transmission in at least some cases, including: Anthrax (Inhalation), Chickenpox, Influenza, Measles, Chickenpox, Cryptococcosis, and Tuberculosis.
Air disease can also affect non-humans. For example, Newcastle disease is a poultry disease that affects many species of domestic birds worldwide that are transmitted through airborne contamination. Often, airborne pathogens or allergens cause inflammation in the nose, throat, sinuses, and upper airway lungs. Upper respiratory inflammation causes congestion, cough and sore throat. This is caused by the inhalation of these pathogens that affect the respiratory system of a person or even other body parts. Sinus congestion, cough and sore throat are examples of inflammation of the way upper respiratory air due to these air agents.
Maps Airborne disease
Cause
Air disease can be caused by exposure to sources: infected patients or animals, by being removed from an infected person or by mouth, nose, or animal needle puncture. People receive illness through the entrance: mouth, nose, wound, or needle puncture.
Transmission
Transmission of air diseases depends on several physical variables that are endemic to infection particles. Environmental factors affect the effectiveness of airborne disease transmission; the most obvious environmental conditions are temperature and relative humidity. The sum of all factors that affect temperature and humidity, either meteorologist (outside) or humans (indoors), as well as other circumstances that affect the spread of droplets containing infectious particles, such as wind, or human behavior, summarizes the factors affecting the transmission of airborne diseases.
- Climate and living room. Rainfall (the number of rainy days is more important than the total rainfall), the average daily working hours of the sun, the latitude, the altitude are the factors to consider when assessing the possibility of spreading airborne infections. In addition, some rare or extraordinary extremes also affect the spread of airborne diseases, such as tropical storms, hurricanes, typhoons, or rainy seasons. Climatic conditions determine the temperature, wind and relative humidity in any region, either year-round or at an isolated time (day or week). They are the main factors affecting the spread, duration and contagion of droplets containing infectious particles. For example, influenza viruses are spread easily in northern (northern hemisphere) countries, due to climatic conditions that support transmission of the virus but on the other hand, in those countries, many bacterial infections can not spread out most of the year, in a latent stage.
- UV is harmful to viruses and bacteria. The UV incident can determine the survival of infectious particles, so in areas with a higher average of daily sunlight hours, and closer to the equator, some particles lose their infectious ability. Infectious particles show increased survival in the presence of UV light at higher relative humidity levels. Expected because of the protective effect of larger particle size, since evaporation will decrease at this higher RH level, indicating the protective effect of a thicker layer of water.
- After a separate event, such as a tropical storm, it has been determined that firstly the number of fungal spores decreases, but a few days later, the number of expanding spores is exponentially found, compared to normal conditions..
- Economic social and living conditions. They have a small role in airborne disease transmission, but they should also be considered. Stay is an important aspect. In cities the spread of disease is faster than in rural and suburban areas. Typically, cities coat the quarters of buildings, where the transmission of viral and bacterial diseases between environments is not complicated. However, suburban areas are generally more favorable for higher airborne spores
- Interest in large water sources because rivers and lakes can be the cause of several outbreaks of airborne diseases, after changes in local watersheds. Poor sewage systems are commonly found in poor countries, especially in rural areas, and can determine the proliferation of infectious bacteria, which once infect animals or humans can be transmitted into the air.
- Working conditions, can also precipitate infectious diseases that are contagious. In an indoors environment, the temperature and relative humidity are mainly influenced by HVAC systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning). Inadequate ventilation is involved in airborne transmission of the respiratory virus. Poor treatment or defects in the system may encourage the condition of the air infection. For example, poor maintenance of the air conditioning system can lead to Legionella outbreaks (especially Legionella pneumophila), which will spread among the building population (workers), before the discovery of the focal point. In hospitals, isolation of infectious disease patients should be added as a factor, seen in poor areas, where lack of resources facilitates the spread of infectious diseases.
Prevention
Some ways to prevent air diseases include washing hands, using proper hand disinfection, getting regular immunizations against the diseases believed to be in place, using respirators and limiting the time spent in the presence of any patient who may be the source of the infection. Exposure to patients or animals with airborne illnesses does not guarantee receiving the disease. Due to changes in host immunity and how many hosts are exposed to particles in the air makes a difference how diseases affect the body.
Antibiotics are not prescribed for patients to control viral infections. However they may be prescribed for flu patients for example to control or prevent secondary bacterial infection. They can also be used in treating bacterial primary bacterial infections, such as pneumonia outbreaks.
In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has informed consumers about vaccinations and followed careful hygiene and sanitation protocols for airborne disease prevention. Consumers also have access to preventative measures such as FDA-verified UV Air purification tools and EPA laboratory test data that have proven effective in disabling various infectious diseases. Many public health specialists recommend social distance to reduce the transmission of airborne infections.
See also
- Vectors (epidemiology)
- Water-borne diseases
- Zoonosis
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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