Sports science (also sports and exercise science , sports medicine or exercise physiology ) is a discipline that studies how the Human Body healthy work during exercise, and how exercise and physical activity improve health and performance from a cellular perspective to the rest of the body. Sports science studies traditionally incorporate the fields of physiology (exercise physiology), psychology (sports psychology), anatomy, biomechanics, biochemistry and biokinetics. Sports scientists and performance consultants continue to increase in demand and number of jobs, with an ever-increasing focus on sports in achieving the best possible outcomes. Through the study of science and sports, researchers have developed a greater understanding of how the human body reacts to exercise, training, different environments and many other stimuli.
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Sports Science can trace its origins to ancient Greece. Ancient Greek physician Galen (131-201) wrote 87 detailed essays on health promotion (proper nutrition), aerobic fitness, and muscle strengthening. Assyrian Hunayn ibn Ishaq translated the work of Galen, along with Hippocrates, into Arabic that led to the spread of Greek physiology throughout the Middle East and Europe. Between 776 BC to 393 AD, the ancient Greek physicians planned a training and diet regimen for Olympic competitors.
New ideas on the workings and functions of the human body emerged during the renaissance as anatomists and physicians challenged previously known theories. It is spread with the application of printed word, Gutenberg prints in the 15th century. Allied with this is a major improvement in the academic world in general, universities are formed all over the world. The significance of these new intellectuals goes beyond the simple notions of early Greek doctors, and explains the complexities of the circulatory system, and digestion. Subsequently, in the mid-19th century the earliest medical schools (such as Harvard Medical School, formed 1782) began to appear in the United States, whose graduates continue to take important positions in academia and related medical research.
The publication of medical journals increased significantly in numbers during this period. In 1898, three articles on physical activity appeared in the first volume of the American Journal of Physiology. Articles and other reviews then appear in prestigious journals. The publication of applied German physiology, Internationale Zeitschrift fur Physiologie einschliesslich Arbeitphysiologie (1929-1940, now known as the European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology), became an important journal in the field of research.
A number of key figures have contributed significantly to the discipline, including the following:
- Austin Flint, Jr., (1836-1915) One of America's first pioneering physicians, studied physiological responses to exercise in his influential medical textbooks.
- Edward Hitchcock, Jr., (1828-1911) Professor of Health and Physical Education from Amherst College, devotes his academic career to the scientific study of physical exercise, training, and body. The text of coauthored 1860 on the physiology of sport.
- George Wells Fitz, M.D. (1860-1934) Created the first departmental department in Anatomy, Physiology, and Physical Training at Harvard University in 1891. August Krogh (1874-1949) Won the 1920 Nobel prize in physiology to discover a mechanism that controls capillary blood flow in rest or active muscles.
- Per-Olof ÃÆ'... strand (1922-2015) Professor in the Department of Physiology, Institut Karolinska, Stockholm. Writing a seminal paper evaluating the physical work capacity of men and women aged 4-33 years.
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Sports science studies
Higher education degrees in Sports Science or Human Physiology are also becoming increasingly popular in many universities now offering undergraduate, postgraduate, and distance learning degrees in the discipline. Opportunities for graduates in this field work as Physical Education teachers, Nutritionists or Nutritionists, Performance Analysts, Sports coaches, Sports therapists, fitness center managers, Sports administrators, Strength and Conditioning specialists or retail managers from Sports stores. Graduates can also be well positioned to conduct further training to become an accredited physiotherapist, exercise physiologist, research scientist and sports medical doctor.
There are many leading institutions in the United Kingdom that run courses in Sports Science. Some of the better known are University of Brighton, University of St Mary, Twickenham University of Kent - School of Sport & amp; Exercise, University of Trent Nottingham, Durham, University of Derby (climbed fastest in the current league table League Guardian League 2014) Leeds, Loughborough, Exeter, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Oxford Brookes University, Bath, Bangor, Birmingham, University of Chichester, Edinburgh, Liverpool John Moores, University of Portsmouth, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Stirling.
In the United States, institutions offering related degrees include Jackson State University, University of Connecticut, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Ohio State University, University of Florida, University of Missouri.
Academic journals in sports science
- Applied Biomechanics Journal
- International Computer Science Journal in Sport
- Journal of Strength & amp; Conditioning Research
- Swimming Research Journal
- Sports
- Drug & amp; Science in Sports & amp; Exercise
See also
- Kinesiology
- Kinanthropometry
- Sports biomechanics
- Drugs
- Computer science in sports
References
External links
- British Sports and Exercise Association
- American College of Sports Medicine
- The European Academy of Sport Sciences
- Exercise & amp; Sports Science Australia
- National & amp; Cooling Association
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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