Randall Island (also called Randall Island ) and Island Wards are combined islands, collectively called Randalls and Wards Islands < , in Manhattan's New York City district, separated from Manhattan by Harlem River, from Queens on the East River and Hell Gate, and from Bronx by Bronx Kill. The two islands were previously separate, with the channels between them, the Small Gate Gate, filled with the early 1960s.
The island has a population of 1,648 living on 2,09 square kilometers (520 hectares) in 2010. Most of the islands are parks, covering a total of 432.69 hectares (175.10 ha). These parks offer athletic fields, driving ranges, green paths, playgrounds and picnic spots. The island also has a history used for mental hospitals, hospitals, and funerals, and is currently home to several public facilities, including two mental hospitals, state police stations, fire academies, a wastewater treatment plant, and several places homeless shelter.
The island is crossed by the Triborough and Hell Gate bridges. The island can be reached by the Triborough Bridge; The Wards Island Bridge, which caters to pedestrians and cyclists and connects the island to East Harlem in Manhattan; or by the Randalls Island Connector, a pedestrian and cycling bridge across the Bronx Kill and connecting to the Port Morris neighborhood in the Bronx. Randalls Island is home to three music festivals: the Governors Ball Music Festival, the Panorama Music Festival, and the Electric Zoo Festival.
Video Randalls and Wards Islands
Histori
Era kolonial
Native Americans call Wards Island Tenkenas translated as "Wild Land" or "uninhabited place", while Randalls Island is called Minnehanonck . The islands were purchased by Wouter Van Twiller, General Director of the Dutch New Dutch colony, in July 1637. The names of the first islands of Europe were the Great Barent Island (Wards) and Little Barent Island (Randalls) after a Danish shepherd named Barent Jansen Blom. The names of the two islands changed several times. Sometimes Randalls is known as "Buchanan Island" and "Great Barn Island", both of which are likely to corrupt on Great Barent Island.
John Montresor, an engineer with British soldiers, bought Randalls Island in 1772. He named it Montresor Island and lived there with his wife until the Revolutionary War forced him to spread. During the Revolutionary War, the two islands became a military post for the British military. The British used his country to launch an amphibious assault in Manhattan, and Montresor's home there was burned in 1777. He resigned from his commission and returned to England in 1778, but retained possession of the island until the British evacuated the city in 1783 and confiscated..
Both islands acquire their current name from the new owners after the war. In November 1784, Jonathan Randell (or Randel) bought Randalls Island, while Jaspar Ward and Bartholomew Ward, the sons of Judge Stephen Ward, bought Wards.
nineteenth century
Although the small population had been living on the Wards since the early 17th century, Ward's sister developed the island heavier by building a cotton mill and in 1807 built the first bridge to cross the East River. The wooden bridge connects the island with Manhattan at 114th Street, and is paid by Bartholomew Ward and Philip Milledolar. The bridge lasted until 1821, when it was destroyed in a storm. After the destruction of the bridge, the island of Wards was largely abandoned until 1840. Jonathan Randel's heiress sold Randall to town in 1835 for $ 60,000.
In the mid-19th century, both Randall and the Wards Islands, such as nearby Blackwell Island became home to various social facilities. Randalls houses an orphanage, a poor house, a burial place for the poor, an "idiot" hospital, a homeopathic hospital, and a retirement home for veterans of the Civil War, and also the location of New York's Protection House, a reform school completed in the year 1854 for naughty children or teenagers who decide to be homeless. Between 1840 and 1930, the island of Wards was used to:
- Burial of hundreds of thousands of corpses being relocated from Madison Square and Bryant Park cemeteries
- The State of Refuge Emigrants, the hospital for sick and poor immigrants, opened in 1847, the largest hospital complex in the world during the 1850s
- The New York City Asylum for the Insane, opened around 1863
- The Manhattan Psychiatric Center (incorporating Asylum for the Insane), operated by the State of New York when it took over the immigration and asylum in 1899. With 4,400 patients, it is the largest psychiatric institution in the world. The 1920 Census noted that the hospital had a total of 6,045 patients. This later became the Manhattan Psychiatric Center.
Scylla Point
In 1984, the point at the southeastern tip of the island was officially designated as "Negro Point", based on unofficial use of river boat workers. The United States Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration use that name. It still appears on the chart of the area today. In 2001, Park Commissioner Henry Stern, after knowing his name, considered it offensive. She changed her name to "Scylla Point" and paired it with Charybdis Playground in Astoria Park; both features are on opposite sides of the Hell Gate, just as Scylla mythological monsters and Charybdis are on the opposite side of the Messina Strait. Although the change of name Negro Point is still used by captain tug and friend as they sail past the area.
Garden
The proposal to add parks to the islands was made in early 1916, but the construction of the park actually began at the 1930 Metropolitan Park Conference, which recommended turning it into a recreational park. Randalls Island Park is operated by Randalls Island Park Alliance (RIPA), a public-private partnership founded in 1992 as the Island Sports Foundation.
The Alliance works with Cities and local communities to provide sports venues, cultural events and environmental explorations. RIPA runs a free youth program in the National Park, which brings thousands of children to the Park for a variety of sports and environmental education activities. In addition, RIPA organizes RIK CAMP, a free six-week summer camp for children from East Harlem and South Bronx.
The Downing Stadium was the first stadium built on the island, as the WPA project, and at its opening on July 11, 1936, 15,000 attendees watched Jesse Owens compete at the Randalls Island Stadium in Men's Olympic Trials. Downing Stadium also hosted the Olympic Games in 1964. It was the site of an international football friendly match in which England defeated the United States, 10-0, on May 27, 1964. In 1960, owner Ebbets Field donated 500 stadium lights to Downing Stadium. The lights came from the old stadium, which was being torn down.
Downing Stadium was demolished in 2002 and replaced by a newer complex, Icahn Stadium, which opened in April 2005. It was designed by architect Ricardo Zurita, who was also involved with the master plan of park development. On May 31, 2008, Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt broke the world record for the men's 100m run in the Grand Prix of the Fourth Grand Prix with a "flash" speed of 9.72 seconds.
A renovated golf center opened in 2008. A new 25-acre ($ 100,000) $ 500,000 renovation has two indoor/outdoor levels, 82-driving range, 320 yards (290 m) from the area landing, 36 hole mini golf course, grass tee, short game area with sand bunker, PGA instructor, and 9 batting cages. Then, the tennis center opened at Randalls Island Park in July 2009. It has 20 courts, 10 har-tru and 10 hard rubber (5 indoor), along with cafes, pro shop, fitness facility and dressing room. From May to October, 10 courts are reserved for NYC Forest Park permit holders during the daytime. In winter, all 15 outdoor pitches are inflated for use by club members.
The center is also home to the John McEnroe Tennis Academy and is home to New York Sportimes of World TeamTennis until the team is moved to San Diego in 2014. Finally, in May 2010, RIPA and the Department of Parks and Recreation of New York City completed the construction of over 60 an athletic field to support a wider range of sports, including soccer, lacrosse, field hockey, and rugby among sports already played in Park, football, baseball and softball. Randalls Island Park has the most athletic field in every New York City park.
Two natural environments, salt marsh and freshwater wetlands, have been erected on the island. Through the digging process of more than 20,000 cubic meters (15,000 m3) from debris, install clean sand, and plant native muck grass, 4 hectares (16,000 m 2 ) salt was made around the Small Gate of the West on the west bank of the island. Just across the salt marsh, 4 hectares (16,000 m 2 ) fresh wetlands are also restored.
After removal of nearly 15,000 cubic meters (11,000 m 3 ) from debris and filling, the site of freshwater wetlands is grown with herbaceous species, shrubs and native trees, such as switchgrass, aster, dogwood, and oak. In addition, the restoration project plays an important role in the entire garden screening system that collects rainwater from adjacent sports fields, lanes and paved areas and distributes them through the Wetlands, where new plants filter out natural pollutants before reaching the East River.
The island has nearly 5 miles of waterfront lanes, next to a green road under the Hell Viaduct Gate. Connections to the South Bronx Greenway are planned, with additional coastal line lanes, natural "shoreline", and further environmental restoration. The Greenway segment is part of the East Coast Greenway, a 3,000 mile trail system that connects Maine to Florida.
The Department of Parks and Recreation of New York City approved a $ 1 million contract with Natural Currents Energy Services to generate renewable energy in the park. The project is expected to produce 200 kW solar, wind, and tidal energy to drive facilities on the island. The project is planned to include marine research and information kiosk of solar power that will be open to the island's visitors, and is expected to be completed by September 2012.
Maps Randalls and Wards Islands
Small Hell Gate
The Small Hell Gate was originally a waterway that separates Randall and the Wards Islands. The eastern tip of the Small Hell Gate is used to open the East Gate of the East Gate, across from Astoria, Queens. The west end of the Small Hell Gate meets the Harlem River across from East 116th Street, Manhattan. At the Hell Gate Bridge, the Small Gate Gate has a width of more than 1000 feet (300m). Quick stream.
After the Triborough Bridge opened in 1936, it spurred the conversion from both islands to the park. Soon afterwards the city began filling most of the road between the two islands, to expand and connect the two parks. What is now called Little Hell Gate Inlet is the western end of what used to be the Small Hell Gate, however, some trails from the eastern end of the Little Hell Gate remain: a curve on the coastline on the East River side indicating the former east entrance to the waters. Today, the park and part of the New York City Department of Fire Department Academy (see below) occupy the area.
Infrastructure and facilities
Facilities
- Hospital: The island is home to the Manhattan Psychiatric Center and the Kirby Forensic Psychiatric Center, both operated by the state Mental Health Office. The Kirby Center houses crazy criminals, and is patrolled by the New York State Mental Health Police.
- Shelters: The island is home to Charles Gay Assessment Shelter (1 Keener House), Schwartz Man Shelter and Clarke Thomas Next Step Employment Center, all run by the New York City Department, Homeless Service and patrolled by the Homeless Police Service Police in New York City.
- Police: The New York State Police also has a station on the island, Troop NYC. It provides investigative services such as the Criminal Investigation Bureau, Narcotics Enforcement Unit, the Organized Crime Unit and the Special Investigation Unit, and also provides support for New York City state police operations, such as state police patrolling the country run by Jacob K Javits Convention Center, governor's office, and parade details.
- The fire academy: The New York City Fire Department operates a training academy at Randalls Island. Academy facilities include classrooms, 200,000 US gallon (760,000 L) water tanks, subway tunnels with tracks and two subways, training courses for engine drivers, helicopter pads, replica ships, and several buildings designed to simulate various types of construction buildings encountered within city limits.
- Water Treatment: Wastewater treatment plant is located on the island, Wards Island Water Pollution Control Factory , operated by New York City Environmental Protection Department. The plant began operations in 1937, serving a population of over one million west of the Bronx and east side of Manhattan and has a capacity of 275 million US gallons (1.04 gigaliters) per day.
Bridge
In 1917, the Gate Bridge of Hell, a railroad bridge, built on both islands, flows from Queens to the Bronx. The bridge was built in the early 1900s to connect New York and Pennsylvania Railroad with New England and New Haven Railroad. This bridge is said to be very sturdy; it will be the last New York City bridge to collapse if humans disappear, taking at least a millennium to do so, according to the February 2005 Discovering Magazine, while most of the other bridges will fall about 300 years.
In 1936, the islands were connected throughout the city by the Triborough Bridge, the center that crossed the islands. The American Society of Civil Engineers established the Triborough Bridge Project as National Civil Engineering Headquarters in 1986. On 19 November 2008, the Triborough Bridge was officially renamed after Robert F. Kennedy at the request of the Kennedy family. To manage the bridge (and finally all crossing the New York City river crossing), the Triborough Bridge and the Tunnel Authority set up an art deco headbuilding building, the former base of Robert Moses; buildings still standing on the island.
In 1937, the islands were connected by a bridge over the Little Hell Gate, eliminating the need for ferries to Wards Island. In fact, there are two bridges that seem to have been known as the Small Gate Gates of Hell - an early twentieth century railroad bridge on the approach to the Gate of Hell Bridge, and lower lower steel bridge bridges across from the Little Hell Gate. The northern approach of the bridge to the Gate of Hell Bridge includes an inverted reverse truss bridge, with four spans along 300 feet (91 m), across from the Little Hell Gate. Although the majority of the Small Hell Gate has been filled, this bridge still exists. Some time after the rail bridge was built, a 1,000-foot (300 m), 3 spans, steel bridge, designed by George Washington Bridge-engineer Othmar Ammann, was also built across the Small Hell Gate, just a short distance to the north west of the railway bridge fire.
Around this time, the Small Hell Gate began to be narrowed using infill, and by the early 1960s, the islands were connected. The bridge became obsolete when the Small Hell Gate was filled, and the service road was built beside the worsening bridge. Efforts were made in the mid-1990s to preserve the bridge in the face of a plan by the New York City Department of Transport to destroy it. They did not work.
In 1937, a plan was developed by Robert Moses to build a pedestrian bridge across the Harlem River from East Harlem, a bridge that would give the Manhattan residents easy access to the new Wards Island's Park. However, the actual construction of the Wards Island Bridge, also known as the 103rd Road Bridge, did not begin until 1949. Designed by Othmar Hermann Ammann and built by the US Army Engineer Corps, the bridge was originally known as the Harlem River Pedestrian Bridge. The bridge was opened for pedestrians on May 18, 1951 and finished at a cost of $ 2.1 million. It gives access to Wards Island Park from East Harlem, which has some green public spaces.
The second bridge over the Bronx Kill called Randalls Island Connector, which connects the island to the Bronx, opened in November 2015. Construction of this bridge was proposed in 2006, but does not begin until 2013.
See also
- List of New York City Parks
Footnote
References
External links
- Randalls Island Park Alliance
- History of Randalls Island
- Island Wards History
- A map from 1885 shows a Small Hell Gate
- Historical American Engineering Record (HAER) no. NY-314, "Small Hell Gate Bridge, Connecting Randall & Wards Islands, New York, New York County, NY", 9 photos, 1 page photo caption
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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