A nail salon or nail bar is the establishment of a special beauty salon that primarily offers nail care services such as manicures, pedicures, and nail enhancements. Often, nail salons also offer skin care services. Manicures are also offered by public beauty salons, spas and hotels. People who work in nail salons are usually called "nail technicians or manicurists or 'Nailists' (renowned nail technicians in Japan and some Southeast Asian countries)."
The nail salon offers various options for nail care. These include acrylic, silk or fiberglass wraps, French manicures, polishes, pedicures, etc. Some nail salons offer one-stop beauty services. In addition to nail services, this one-stop nail salon offers facials, waxing, and skin care.
Generally, those who work in nail salons are called nail technicians. In some areas throughout the United Kingdom and the United States, districts require that nail technicians have state-recognized formal qualifications in order to license a salon.
Currently, industry estimates that nearly 40% of nail salon technicians in the US are Vietnamese women. The highest density of Vietnam nail technicians is in California, where about 59% -80%. The majority of these women are Vietnamese immigrants. Vietnam's dominance in the nail salon industry began when many of them arrived in the US after the Vietnam war. Tippi Hedren, a Hollywood actress, as part of a charity working in a Vietnamese refugee camp is trying to find a call to help them integrate into US society. He brought his personal bead expert to teach a group of 20 wives from the Vietnam military office. Training required for short and inexpensive nail salon work, jobs do not require high English proficiency, and working hours tend to be flexible enough to allow immigrant mothers to take care of family obligations. Also, the money involved in opening a small nail salon.
Video Nail salon
Nail salon service
The nail salon offers the following services:
- Manicure care
- Pedicure treatment
- Acrylic and extension overlays
- Overlay gels and UV extensions
- Silk/Fiberglass overlays and extensions
- Nail art
- Acrylic and gel tied to UV extension
- Waxing
- Facial
- Body massage
- Eyelash Extensions
Maps Nail salon
Wages and working conditions
Wages and working conditions in New York City, the main center of North American nail salons, are poor. In May 2015 an investigation by the New York State Department of Labor, which has been informed by the New York Times investigation, has been productive but unfinished. Manicure workers are mostly new immigrants from East Asia; many of which have limited English; some are illegal immigrants. There are several Hispanic workers. Many of the nearly 2,000 nail salons in the New York City area are owned by Koreans who are at the top of the power sequence while Hispanics are under. On May 10, 2015, following the publication of the New York Times , NY Governor Andrew Cuomo announced the creation of an emergency multi-agency Enforcement Task Force to address issues exposed by the inquiry.
Work environment
Concerns about the quality of the working environment of the nail salon can be discussed in occupational safety and health talks, as there is some evidence to suggest that nail salon workers are subject to potentially unfair and dangerous working conditions. Occupational safety and health issues are a component of environmental justice. In a survey conducted on Vietnamese-American nail salon workers, many responses indicate that the work environment may set room for negative health consequences. According to Standard 62-1989: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Quality from the American Society for Heating, Refrigeration, Air Conditioning Engineers, sufficient external air supply should be about 20 cubic feet per minute per occupant. This requires several air paths to enter and exit the room. The line includes, but is not limited to windows and doors. However, research shows that one-third of the stores surveyed had only one single door for ventilation without a secondary airway.
Due to the nature of the salon work, many nail technicians must wear masks and gloves. Another survey also conducted in a similar working population yielded 90% wearing masks and 70% wearing gloves to work.
Common responses by workers when interviewed are:
- "We know dangerous chemicals, the owner told us to wear a mask"
- "Saying that chemicals are dangerous so always need to keep the ventilator and close the lid, the chemicals cover is for sure."
- "Because I'm young and pregnant and I do not want to inhale dust and chemicals - I'm afraid it might affect my child later"
Chemical exposure
Nail technicians use beauty products such as nail polish, nail polish remover, fake nails, adhesives, and disinfectants throughout the day. Compared to the average individual, they are exposed to chemicals whose products contain much greater. Some of the stronger chemicals are toluene, formaldehyde, ethyl methacrylate (EMA), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Almost all chemicals are reported as irritant eyes, skin, nose, and throat. Some, such as toluene and dibutyl phthalates are known as endocrine disruptors. According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), endocrine disruptors are chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system, which is regulated by hormones. These hormonal disorders have the potential to cause tumors, birth defects, reproductive disorders, neurological, developmental, and immune degradation. Studies have shown that endocrine disruptors pose the greatest risk during prenatal and postnatal development.
The following table is taken from the survey The results of the Vietnam-America Nail Manufacturers' Community-Based Working Health Survey . It lists the chemicals found in nail salon products and ties them to potential health effects. Note that this is not a complete list of all the chemical compounds found for all nail products.
There are organizations and coalitions such as the National Healthy Nail and Beauty Salon Alliance that address workers' rights and exposure problems faced by nail technicians. These movements provide a platform for conversations about environmental justice.
Relevant policies and regulations
State level
- California Safe Cosmetics Act of 2005 (SB484)
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- Enabled in 2005, this senate bill requires full disclosure of all materials sold in California to the California Department of Health Services. In addition, if the substance is known to cause cancer or reproductive hazards, the product will be subject to investigation by the Environmental and Workplace Disease Control Division.
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- California Proposition 65 (1986)
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- Promulgated in 1986, this proposition requires that the state of California publish a list of chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive hazards. All California businesses with ten or more employees should also provide a "clear and reasonable" warning before exposing each individual to chemicals on the list mentioned above.
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Federal rate
- The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA) (15 U.S.C Ã,§ 2601)
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- Enabled in 1976, this federal action gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the authority to regulate certain chemicals. Currently, cosmetics are excluded from the regulations under the TSCA but there are campaign efforts that hope to extend the EPA's regulatory jurisdiction to include cosmetics.
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References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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