Condenser (heat transfer)

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In systems involving heat transfer, condenser is the device or unit used to compress the substance from its gas to its liquid form, by cooling it. Thus, latent heat is released by the substance and transferred to the surrounding environment. Condensers can be made in many designs, and come in various sizes ranging from small to very large (industrial scale units used in the factory process). For example, the refrigerator uses a condenser to remove heat extracted from the inside of the unit into the outside air. Condensers are used in air conditioning, industrial chemical processes such as distillation, steam power plants and other heat exchange systems. The use of cooling water or the surrounding air as a general cooling in many condensers.

Video Condenser (heat transfer)

Condenser example

• The surface condenser is a medium condenser and the steam is physically separated and is used when direct contact is undesirable. This is a shell and tube heat exchanger installed in the outlet of each steam turbine at a thermal power plant. Generally, cooling water flows through the sides of the tube and steam enters the shell side where condensation occurs on the outside of the heat transfer tube. Condensate drips down and collects at the bottom, often in a built-in pot called hotwell . The shell side often operates on a partial vacuum or vacuum, generated by a specific volume difference between steam and condensate. Instead, the vapor may be fed through a tube with cooling water or air flowing around outside.
• In chemistry, a condenser is a device that cools hot steam, causing it to condense into a liquid. See "Condenser (laboratory)" for laboratory-scale condensers, compared to industrial-scale condensers. Examples include Liebig condenser, Graham condenser, and Allihn condenser. This is not to be confused with the condensation reaction that links the two fragments into one molecule with the addition reactions and the elimination reaction.

In the laboratory reflux, reflux and rotary labs, some condenser types are commonly used. The Liebig condenser is simply a straight tube inside a cooling water jacket, and is the simplest (and relatively cheaper) condenser form. The Graham condenser is a spiral tube inside a water jacket, and the Allihn condenser has a large and small constricting series on the inner tube, each increasing the surface area where the vapor constituent can condense. Being a more complex form to produce, this latter type is also more expensive to buy. The three types of condensers are laboratory glassware because they are usually made of glass. The commercially available condenser is usually equipped with a ground glass connection and has a standard length of 100, 200, and 400 mm. The air-cooled condenser is not unplugged, while the water-cooled condenser contains a jacket for water.

• Larger condensers are also used in industrial-scale distillation processes to cool the vapor which is distilled into a liquid distillate. Generally, the coolant flows through the side of the tube and the vapor is distilled through the shell side by collecting distillate on or flowing out the bottom.

• The condenser unit used in a central air-conditioning system typically has a heat exchanger section to cool and condense the refrigerant vapor that enters the liquid, the compressor to raise the refrigerant and move the pressure together, and the fan to blow air outside through the heat exchanger section to cool the refrigerant inside. The typical configuration of a condenser unit like this is as follows: The heat exchanger section encloses the sides of the unit with the compressor inside. In this heat exchanger section, the refrigerant passes through several tube passes, which are surrounded by heat transfer fins through which cooling air can move from the outside into the unit. There is a motorized fan inside the condenser unit near the top, which is covered by several lattices to keep objects from falling into the fan. The fan is used to blow out cooling air through the heat exchange section on the sides and out top through the grille. This condenser unit is located on the outside of the building they are trying to cool, with a tube between the unit and the building, one for the incoming steam refrigerant and another for the liquid refrigerant leaving the unit. Of course, the power supply is required for the compressor and fan inside the unit.
• Direct contact condenser

In this condenser type, there is a direct contact between the condensate medium and the vapor, the vapor is poured into the liquid directly. Steam loses latent heat of evaporation; therefore, the vapor transfers its heat into the liquid and the liquid becomes hot. In this type of condensation, steam and liquids are primarily of the same type of substance. In another type of direct contact condenser, cold water is sprayed onto the vapor to condense.

Other Condenser Types

In the world of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), condenser becomes a very important topic. Instead of confusing information, the goal is to provide some basic information about the different types of condensers and their applications.

There are three other condensers used in the HVAC system

• Cooled water
• Air-conditioned
• Blurring

Apps:

• Air conditioning - If the condenser is located on the outside of the unit, air-cooled condenser can provide the easiest setting. This type of condenser releases heat outward and is easy to install.

The most common uses for this condenser are domestic refrigerators, stand-up freezers, and in-pack air conditioning units. The great feature of air-cooled condensers is that they are very easy to clean. Since dirt can cause serious problems with the performance of the condenser, it is strongly recommended that this be kept from dirt.

• Water cooled - Although slightly more expensive to install, this condenser is a more efficient type. Generally used for pools and condensers that are channeled for municipal water flows, these condensers require regular services and maintenance.

They also need a cooling tower to save water. To prevent corrosion and algae formation, water-cooled condensers require constant supply of water makeup along with water treatment.

Depending on the application you can choose from tube in tube, shell and coil or shell and tube condensers. All are basically made to produce the same result, but each in a different way.

• Evaporative - While this remains the most unpopular option, they are used when the water supply is inadequate to operate condenser cooling water or the lower condensing temperatures that can be achieved by air-cooled condensers. Evaporative condensers can be used inside or outside of buildings and under typical conditions, operating at low condensing temperatures.

Usually these are used in large commercial air conditioning units. Although effective, they are not necessarily the most efficient.

Before starting your installation, make sure you choose a condenser that will give you the most efficient use.-> ->

Maps Condenser (heat transfer)

Equation

For ideal single-pass condensers whose coolant has a constant density, constant heat capacity, linear enthalpy above temperature range, perfect heat transfer cross section, and zero longitudinal transfer, and tubing having constant perimeter, constant thickness, and constant heat conductivity, and Liquid liquids are mixed perfectly and at constant temperature, the coolant temperature varies along the tube according to:

n                          =                   e                ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÃ, -                ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ...
      Â   <Â>  h          Â Â

                 x        ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,
                                              Â ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ...                        m                      ?      ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,      ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,     ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,                  c        ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,        ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,                                       =                   e                ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÃ, -                ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ...
                 G                  x        ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,
                                              Â ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ...                        m                      ?      ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,      ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,     ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,                  c                 L        ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,        ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ,                                             {\ displaystyle \ Theta (x) = {\ frac {T_ {H} -T (x)} {T_ {H} -T (0)} } = e ^ {- {\ frac {Gx} {{\ dot {m}}} {e} {{dot {m}} c}}} = cL}}}}  Â

Where:

• x is the distance from the refrigerant inlet;
• T (x) is the cooling temperature, and T (0) the coolant temperature of the inlet;
• T _H is the temperature of the hot fluid;
• NTU is the number of transfer units;
• m is the cooling mass flow rate (or other);
• c is the cooling heat capacity at constant pressure per unit mass (or other);
• h is the heat transfer coefficient of the cooling tube;
• P is the perimeter of the cooling tube;
• G is the heat conductance of the cooling tube (often denoted UA );
• L is the length of the cooling tube.

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See also

• Condenser (laboratory)
• Well water (condenser)

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia